THIRD DIVISION

G.R. No. 137537. January 28, 2000.

SMI DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, petitioner, vs. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES represented by the DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH through the NATIONAL CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL, respondent.

Cuevas Santos & Associates for petitioner.

The Solicitor General for respondent.

SYNOPSIS

On September 20, 1996, respondent Republic of the Philippines represented by the Department of Health thru the National Children's Hospital filed a complaint for Eminent Domain against petitioner SMI Development Corporation for the purpose of expropriating three (3) parcels of land belonging to said corporation which are adjacent to the premises of the hospital. Petitioner filed a Motion to Dismiss and Opposition alleging, among others, lack of cause of action and lack of urgency and necessity for the Republic to take possession of the property. The trial court dismissed the complaint. On petition for certiorari, the Court of Appeals ruled that the trial judge acted in excess of jurisdiction in granting the motion to dismiss without having received any evidence beforehand from either of the parties. Petitioner moved for reconsideration, but was denied. Hence, the present petition. The issues raised by petitioner are the propriety of the trial court's resolution of the "motion to dismiss" without receiving the evidence of both parties on the merits of the case and whether or not the complaint for eminent domain stated a cause of action. Petitioner likewise put in issue the propriety of respondent's petition for certiorari under Rule 65 of the

The Supreme Court affirmed the decision of the Court of Appeals. The Court ruled that the appellate court did not commit any reversible error in allowing the petition for certiorari filed by respondent Republic because respondent was able to prove to the appellate court's satisfaction that appeal from the trial court would not constitute a speedy and adequate remedy, thus necessitating the resort to the extraordinary remedy of certiorari. The public interest involved and the urgency to provide medical facilities were enough justifications for respondent's resort to certiorari. The Court also upheld the Court of Appeals in holding that the trial judge should not have decided the Motion to Dismiss solely on the unsubstantiated allegations therein because under Section 3, Rule 67 of the

SYLLABUS

1. REMEDIAL LAW; SPECIAL CIVIL ACTIONS; CERTIORARI; THE PUBLIC INTEREST INVOLVED AND THE URGENCY TO PROVIDE MEDICAL FACILITIES WERE ENOUGH JUSTIFICATIONS FOR RESPONDENT'S RESORT TO CERTIORARI. In the case at bar, the Court of Appeals did not commit any reversible error in allowing the Petition for Certiorari filed by the government. The respondent was able to prove, to the CA's satisfaction, that appeal from the trial court Decision would not constitute a speedy and adequate remedy, thus necessitating the resort to the extraordinary remedy of certiorari under Rule 65. In its Petition before the CA, respondent cited the services which the hospital provided and its urgent need to expand to be able to continue providing quality tertiary health care to the ever-increasing population of its indigent patients. In short, the public interest involved and the urgency to provide medical facilities were enough justifications for respondent's resort to certiorari.

2. ID.; ID.; EMINENT DOMAIN; TRIAL COURT'S DISMISSAL OF THE COMPLAINT WITHOUT RECEIVING PRIOR EVIDENCE TO PROVE THE ALLEGATIONS IN THE MOTION TO DISMISS, NOT JUSTIFIED. Under Section 3, Rule 67 of the EISCaD

3. ID.; ID.; ID.; ALLEGATIONS OF THE COMPLAINT SATISFIED THE REQUIREMENTS OF NECESSITY AND PUBLIC USE. We hold that the Complaint stated a cause of action for eminent domain. The necessity for taking petitioner's property for public use upon payment of just compensation was alleged in the said Complaint. The allegation stressing that the property would be used to improve the delivery of health services satisfied the requirements of necessity and public use. Needless to state, respondent has the burden of proving the elements of eminent domain during the continuation of the proceedings in the trial court, and the petitioner the right to rebut such proof.

4. ID.; ID.; ID.; SECTION 12, BOOK III OF THE REVISED ADMINISTRATIVE CODE DOES NOT REQUIRE PRIOR UNSUCCESSFUL NEGOTIATION AS A CONDITION PRECEDENT FOR THE EXERCISE OF EMINENT DOMAIN. Section 12, Book III of the , the President chose to prescribe this condition as an additional requirement instead. In the instant case, however, no such voluntary restriction was imposed.

5. ID.; ID.; ID.; ISSUANCE OF WRIT OF POSSESSION JUSTIFIED. Under the Section 2, Rule 67 of the for authority: "With the revision of the Rules, the trial court's issuance of the Writ of Possession becomes ministerial, once the provisional compensation mentioned in the

D E C I S I O N

PANGANIBAN, J p:

In an eminent domain proceeding, a motion to dismiss filed under Rule 67 prior to the 1997 amendments partakes of the nature of an answer. Hence, its allegations of facts must be proven. On the other hand, under the dctai

The Case

Before us is a Petition for Review on Certiorari under Rule 45 of the of the Court of Appeals in CA-GR SP No. 44618; and its February 10, 1999 Resolution denying petitioner's Motion for Reconsideration.

In the assailed Decision, the CA ruled that the trial judge acted without or in excess of jurisdiction in ordering the dismissal of the Complaint for eminent domain in Civil Case No. Q-96-28894. It disposed in this wise:

"WHEREFORE, public respondent having acted without or in excess of jurisdiction in issuing the assailed order of dismissal of the complaint, said order is NULLIFIED and SET ASIDE.

"Branch 225 of the Regional Trial Court of Quezon City is hereby directed to reinstate Civil Case No. Q-96-28894 to its docket and conduct proceedings and render judgment thereon in accordance with the

The Facts

The Court of Appeals summarized the undisputed facts as follows:

"On September 20, 1996, the Republic of the Philippines represented by the Department of Health thru the National Children's Hospital filed a complaint for Eminent Domain against SMI Development Corporation for the purpose of expropriating three (3) parcels of land with a total area of 1,158 sq. m. (the properties) belonging to said corporation which are adjacent to the premises of the hospital.

"After summons was served on the defendant, the plaintiff filed on October 23, 1996 an Ex-Parte Motion for the Issuance of Order and Writ of Possession, after it deposited P3,126,000.00 representing 'the aggregate assessed value for taxation purposes of the property subject of the complaint' at P2,700.00 per sq. m.

"By Order of October 30, 1996, Branch 225 of the Quezon City RTC set the plaintiff's motion for hearing on December 11, 1996.

"In November 1996, the defendant filed a Motion to Dismiss and Opposition to the plaintiff's Ex-Parte Motion for Issuance of Order and Writ of Possession. In its Motion to Dismiss, the defendant alleged that the complaint lacked or had insufficient cause of action; that the taking of the property would not serve the purpose for which it was intended; that the plaintiff failed to negotiate with it for the purchase of the property which 'reflects against the urgency and necessity' of the plaintiff's need of the property and implies lack of intention to pay its true and fair market value; and that the necessity to expropriate the property is negated by the fact that less than a kilometer from the plaintiff's premises was the Quezon Institute which is 'presently not put to its optimum use' and is a better place for putting up the 'frontline services for which the property is needed with less costs and less prejudice to private rights.'

"In its Opposition to the plaintiff's Motion for Issuance of Order and Writ of Possession, the defendant alleged that, among others, no urgency and necessity existed for the plaintiff to take possession of the property; that immediate possession upon mere deposit of the amount purportedly representing the aggregate assessed value of the property, if authorized by P.D. 42, is offensive to the due process clause of the Constitution, hence, said decree is unconstitutional, and at any rate Sec. 2 of Rule 67 of the Ignacio v. Guerrero, 150 SCRA 369 promulgated on May 29, 1987, hence, the courts must determine provisionally the fair market value of the property and require the deposit thereof prior to allowing the plaintiff to acquire possession."

Ruling of the Court of Appeals

Citing Section 3, Rule 67 of the LibLex

In any case, even if the said Motion to Dismiss were considered as such within the contemplation of Rule 16, the trial court would still be deemed to have acted in excess of its jurisdiction, since the only ground alleged, among those enumerated under Rule 16, was lack of cause of action. It was therefore outside public respondent's jurisdiction to grant the Motion on the basis of "uncontroverted and undisputed factual and legal allegations relating to the issue of necessity for the expropriation," when the only issue that ought to have been resolved was whether or not the allegations of the Complaint had stated a cause of action.

Hence, this recourse.

Issues

Petitioner submits, for the consideration of this Court, the following assignment of errors:

"A. Whether or not the remedy of certiorari is proper in case of the dismissal of the complaint for expropriation;

B. Whether or not the court a quo's resolution of the 'motion to dismiss' without receiving the evidence of both parties on the merits of the case was correct;

C. Whether or not the complaint states a cause of action; and

D. Whether or not the honorable Court of Appeals committed grave error when it annulled and reversed the order of the Regional Trial Court (Branch 225) of Quezon City."

In addition, this Court will take up the solicitor general's request for a writ of preliminary mandatory injunction.

The Court's Ruling

The Petition has no merit.

Procedural Issue:

Propriety of Certiorari

Petitioner claims that the Court of Appeals erred in allowing respondent's Petition for Certiorari under Rule 65 of thecertiorari is available only when there is no appeal or any plain, speedy and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law.

Under Section 1 of Rule 65 of the

True, certiorari may not be resorted to when appeal is available as a remedy. However, it is equally true that this Court has allowed the issuance of a writ of certiorari when appeal does not provide a speedy and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law. Indeed, in , this Court has ruled that the "availability of an appeal does not foreclose recourse to the ordinary remedies of certiorari or prohibition where appeal is not adequate, or equally beneficial, speedy and sufficient." In , this Court also held that "certiorari may be availed of where an appeal would be slow, inadequate and insufficient." The determination as to what exactly constitutes a plain, speedy and adequate remedy rests on judicial discretion and depends on the particular circumstances of each case.

In the case at bar, the Court of Appeals did not commit any reversible error in allowing the Petition for Certiorari filed by the government. The respondent was able to prove, to the CA's satisfaction, that appeal from the trial court Decision would not constitute a speedy and adequate remedy, thus necessitating the resort to the extraordinary remedy of certiorari under Rule 65. In its Petition before the CA, respondent cited the services which the hospital provided and its urgent need to expand to be able to continue providing quality tertiary health care to the ever-increasing population of its indigent patients. In short, the public interest involved and the urgency to provide medical facilities were enough justifications for respondent's resort to certiorari. dctai

Substantive Issues:

Dismissal Without Prior Evidence,
and Lack of Cause of Action

In granting petitioner's Motion to Dismiss, the Regional Trial Court (RTC) found "it difficult to understand why the respondent had to invade petitioner's property instead of looking into the possibility of increasing its floors." The RTC further stated that "as correctly pointed out by the petitioner, the respondent hospital's so-called frontline services could be done by expanding vertically or increasing the floors of its building. The trial court is of the opinion that a vertical expansion of respondent's building would be more reasonable and practical. In this way, the respondent would be able to save time and money." The RTC upheld "the allegation of the defendant . . . that less than a kilometer away from the plaintiff's building lies the Quezon Institute (QI), which, despite its vast area, has not been put to its maximum use by the government." dctai

The CA correctly observed, however, that the trial judge should not have granted the Motion to Dismiss based on these grounds, without first receiving evidence from the parties. Obviously, the RTC's February 12, 1997 Resolution treated petitioner's Motion to Dismiss as one falling under Section 3 of Rule 67 of the Section 1, Rule 16 of the

Section 3, Rule 67 of the

"SECTION 3. Defenses and Objections. Within the time specified in the summons, each defendant, in lieu of an answer, shall present in a single motion to dismiss or for other appropriate relief, all of his objections and defenses to the right of the plaintiff to take his property for the use or purpose specified in the complaint. All such objections and defenses not so presented are waived. A copy of the motion shall be served on the plaintiff's attorney of record and filed with the court with the proof of service."

Under the above rule, petitioner's Motion to Dismiss partakes of the nature of an answer to respondent's Complaint for eminent domain. Without proof as to their truthfulness and veracity, the allegations in the Motion cannot be deemed proven. Hence, the CA was correct in holding that the trial judge should not have decided it based solely on the unsubstantiated allegations therein.

Lack of Cause of Action

Although petitioner's Motion to Dismiss alleged lack of cause of action, the trial judge made no ruling on this ground. Hence, the CA committed no reversible error in not lengthily discussing such ground. Only the matters contained in the decision below and raised as issues may be reviewed on appeal.

In any event, we hold that the Complaint stated a cause of action for eminent domain. The necessity for taking petitioner's property for public use upon payment of just compensation was alleged in the said Complaint. The allegation stressing that the property would be used to improve the delivery of health services satisfied the requirements of necessity and public use. Needless to state, respondent has the burden of proving the elements of eminent domain during the continuation of the proceedings in the trial court, and the petitioner the right to rebut such proof.

Citing , petitioner insists that before eminent domain may be exercised by the state, there must be a showing of prior unsuccessful negotiation with the owner of the property to be expropriated.

This contention is not correct. As pointed out by the solicitor general, the current effective law on delegated authority to exercise the power of eminent domain is found in Section 12, Book III of the

"SECTION 12. Power of Eminent Domain. The President shall determine when it is necessary or advantageous to exercise the power of eminent domain in behalf of the National Government, and direct the Solicitor General, whenever he deems the action advisable, to institute expropriation proceedings in the proper court." prcd

The foregoing provision does not require prior unsuccessful negotiation as a condition precedent for the exercise of eminent domain. In , the President chose to prescribe this condition as an additional requirement instead. In the instant case, however, no such voluntary restriction was imposed.

Additional Issue:

Issuance of Writ of Possession Justified

This Court deems meritorious the request of the solicitor general for the issuance of a writ of preliminary mandatory injunction. This request was filed on December 22, 1999; hence, the dctai

In , the Court stated:

"In the present case, although the Complaint for expropriation was filed on June 6, 1997, the Motion for the Issuance of the Writ of Possession was filed on July 28, 1997; thus, the issuance of the Writ is covered by the 1997 Rules. As earlier stated, procedural rules are given immediate effect and are applicable to actions pending and undetermined at the time they are passed; new court rules apply to proceedings that take place after the date of their effectivity. Therefore, Section 2, Rule 67 of the

Section 2, Rule 67 of the

"SECTION 2. Entry of plaintiff upon depositing value with authorized government depositary. Upon the filing of the complaint or at any time thereafter, and after due notice to the defendant, the plaintiff shall have the right to take or enter upon the possession of the real or personal property involved if he deposits with the authorized government depositary an amount equivalent to the assessed value of the property for purposes of taxation to be held by such bank subject to the orders of the court. Such deposit shall be in money, unless in lieu thereof the court authorizes the deposit of a certificate of deposit in a government bank of the Republic of the Philippines payable on demand to the authorized government depositary.

"If personal property is involved, its value shall be provisionally ascertained and the amount to be deposited shall be promptly fixed by the court.

"After such deposit is made the court shall order the sheriff or other proper officer to forthwith place the plaintiff in possession of the property involved and promptly submit a report thereof to the court with service of copies to the parties."

Under the foregoing Section, the Republic is entitled to a writ of possession, once the provisional compensation mentioned therein is deposited. We refer again to for authority:

"With the revision of the Rules, the trial court's issuance of the Writ of Possession becomes ministerial, once the provisional compensation mentioned in the

In the present case, an amount equivalent to the assessed value of the land has already been deposited. This fact is not contested and is readily shown by a certification letter issued by the Philippine National Bank stating that the Department of Health-National Children's Hospital has already deposited P3,126,600 representing the assessed value of the property mentioned in Civil Case No. Q-96-28894. cdtai

WHEREFORE, the Petition is hereby DENIED and the assailed Decision and Resolution AFFIRMED. Moreover, the Court grants the Republic's request for the issuance of a writ of preliminary mandatory injunction. The court of origin is hereby directed to issue a writ of possession to enable the Republic of the Philippines to provisionally enter and take possession of petitioner's property, which is the subject of the condemnation proceedings in Civil Case No. Q-96-28894. Costs against petitioner.

SO ORDERED.

Melo, Vitug, Purisima, and Gonzaga-Reyes, JJ., concur.

Footnotes

1. Rollo, pp. 54-62.

2. Eighth Division, composed of J. Conchita Carpio-Morales, ponente; and JJ. Salome A. Montoya (chairman) and Bernardo P. Abesamis (member), both concurring.

3. Rollo, pp. 65-66.

4. Assailed Decision, p. 6; rollo, p. 62.

5. Assailed Decision, pp. 1-3; rollo, pp. 54-56.

6. Ibid., p. 8; rollo, p. 61.

7. This case was deemed submitted for decision on October 29, 1999, upon receipt by this Court of petitioner's Memorandum. Respondent's Memorandum was received earlier on September 29, 1999.

8. Memorandum for Petitioner, p. 6; rollo, p. 292. Petitioner's Memorandum was submitted by Cuevas, Santos and Associates.

9. See also , 263 SCRA 629, October 28, 1996; , 264 SCRA 696, November 21, 1996; , 272 SCRA 18, May 2, 1997; and , 279 SCRA 647, September 29, 1997.

10. 292 SCRA 202, 231 July 9, 1998, per Davide Jr., J. (now CJ ).

11. 269 SCRA 316, 325, March 7, 1997, per Panganiban, J.

12. Resolution of the trial court, p. 2; rollo, p. 94.

13. Ibid.

14. Ibid.

15. "Section 1. Grounds. Within the time for pleading, a motion to dismiss the action may be made on any of the following grounds:

(a) That the court has no jurisdiction over the person of the defendant or over the subject of the action or suit;

(b) That the court has no jurisdiction over the nature of the action or suit;

(c) That venue is improperly laid;

(d) That the plaintiff has no legal capacity to sue;

(e) That there is another action pending between the same parties for the same cause;

(f) That the cause of action is barred by a prior judgment or by statute of limitations;

(g) That the complaint states no cause of action;

(h) That the claim or demand set forth in the plaintiff's pleading has been paid, waived, abandoned, or otherwise extinguished;

(i) That the claim on which the action or suit is founded is unenforceable under the provisions of the statute of frauds;

(j) That the suit is between members of the same family and no earnest efforts towards a compromise have been made."

16. The Remedial Law Compendium, Vol. 1, 6th revised ed., p. 739.

17. Since the Motion to Dismiss was filed on November 18, 1996, the trial court's resolution thereof should be based on the old rules.

18 See , 252 SCRA 259, January 24, 1996.

19 249 SCRA 538, October 25, 1995.

20. The supplemental request was signed by Solicitor General Ricardo P. Galvez, Assistant Solicitor General Roman G. del Rosario, Assistant Solicitor General Karl B. Miranda and Solicitor Edgar R. Tupas.

21. G.R. No. 135042, p. 30, September 23, 1999, per Panganiban, J.

22. Ibid.

23. Rollo, p. 192.